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Scientists Discover Way to Send Information into Black Holes Without Using Energy

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A New Type of Wormhole May Twist Space-Time Without Collapsing

Wormholes are one of the most exciting ideas in physics. They are like hypothetical tunnels in space-time that could connect two distant regions of the universe. If they exist, they might allow fast travel across huge cosmic distances. But for now, wormholes are still theoretical—they come from Einstein’s general relativity equations, not from direct observation.

A recent theoretical study by Errehymy and team explores a new type of wormhole. Their model is simple in idea but deep in physics: a slowly rotating wormhole supported by a special kind of matter called a string fluid, whose properties change depending on distance from the center.

Let’s understand this step by step.

A New Type of Wormhole May Twist Space-Time Without Collapsing

What is a Wormhole?

A wormhole is like a shortcut in space-time. Imagine folding a paper and poking a hole through it. The two distant points on the paper become connected through the hole. In the same way, a wormhole connects two distant places in the universe through a tunnel.

But there is a problem.

Most wormholes need “exotic matter” to stay open. Exotic matter is not normal matter like stars, planets, or gas. It has strange properties, like negative pressure, which can push space-time open instead of letting it collapse.

Without exotic matter, a wormhole would instantly collapse.

What Did Earlier Studies Show?

Earlier work on wormholes showed:

  • Wormholes can exist mathematically in Einstein’s theory.

  • They require unusual matter or energy.

  • Many models use special fields like phantom energy or modified gravity.

  • Most wormholes studied were static, meaning they do not rotate.

But in the real universe, almost everything rotates—planets, stars, galaxies, and even black holes. So it makes sense to study rotating wormholes.

Why Rotation is Important

When something rotates in space, it affects space-time around it. This effect is called frame dragging.

Frame dragging means:

  • Space-time gets slightly “twisted”

  • Light and particles change their paths

  • Moving objects behave differently depending on direction

So in a rotating wormhole:

  • Light moving with rotation behaves differently than

  • Light moving against rotation

This creates interesting patterns that could, in theory, be observed.

What is a String Fluid?

The key idea in this research is something called a string fluid.

A string fluid is not a normal fluid like water or air. Instead, it is a theoretical form of matter made of tiny one-dimensional “strings” spread throughout space.

Think of it like:

  • A network of stretched threads filling space

  • These threads create pressure in different directions

This kind of matter is anisotropic, meaning pressure is not the same in all directions.

Why is this useful?

Because anisotropic matter can support strange space-time shapes like wormholes.

What is New in This Study?

The study by Errehymy and team introduces something important:

👉 The properties of the string fluid change with distance from the wormhole center.

This is called radial variation.

Near the center (wormhole throat):

  • The matter behaves like dark energy

  • It has strong repulsive effects

  • It helps keep the wormhole open

Far from the center:

  • It behaves like a string-dominated fluid

  • Space-time becomes more normal

  • Gravity behaves like regular astrophysical systems

This smooth change is very important because it avoids sudden jumps or unstable behavior.

Why This Makes the Wormhole Better

This model has several advantages:

1. No singularities

There are no “infinite” points where physics breaks down.

2. No event horizon

Unlike black holes, light can escape or pass through.

3. Smooth structure

Everything changes gradually, not suddenly.

4. Asymptotically flat space

Far away from the wormhole, space becomes normal like our universe.

What Happens When the Wormhole Rotates?

Even slow rotation changes everything.

Rotation causes:

1. Frame dragging

Space-time twists around the wormhole.

2. Different light paths

Light traveling in opposite directions does not behave the same.

3. Photon rings

Light can orbit the wormhole and form circular paths.

These effects are strongest near the throat and weaker far away.

How Light Moves Around the Wormhole

Light does not always travel in straight lines near strong gravity. It bends and can even orbit.

In this model, light behavior depends on:

  • The shape of the wormhole

  • How time slows down near the throat (redshift effect)

  • Rotation of space-time

Together, these factors create a photon sphere, where light can orbit in circles.

Different versions of the string fluid create different photon ring patterns. This means:

👉 The inside matter of the wormhole can affect what we “see” from outside.

Could We Ever See a Wormhole?

This is one of the most interesting questions.

The study suggests that wormholes could produce:

  • Slightly distorted “shadow-like” images

  • Different brightness rings of light

  • Asymmetry between left and right light bending

  • Unique lensing patterns

These effects are similar to black hole shadows but not exactly the same.

For example, the size of the shadow could be around the same range as the black hole in galaxy M87*, which the Event Horizon Telescope has already observed.

But telling the difference would be very hard.

Energy Conditions: Is the Matter Physical?

Physics has rules called energy conditions that normal matter must follow.

Wormholes usually break these rules.

In this model:

  • The rule is violated only near the center

  • It is not strongly violated everywhere

  • The total amount of “exotic matter” is very small

This makes the model more realistic than many older wormhole models.

Is the Wormhole Stable?

Stability means whether the wormhole can survive small disturbances.

This study does NOT fully solve stability, but gives hints:

  • Smooth matter distribution helps stability

  • No sharp edges or thin shells are present

  • Anisotropic pressure may help balance forces

However, detailed stability tests are still needed.

Why This Research is Important

This work is important because it combines three ideas:

  1. Wormholes (space-time tunnels)

  2. Rotation (like spinning objects in space)

  3. String fluids (special anisotropic matter)

Earlier studies usually focused on only one or two of these.

By combining all three, the researchers show:

  • Wormholes can exist in smoother, more realistic forms

  • Matter distribution strongly affects light behavior

  • Rotation adds observable effects

What We Learn from This Model

This study tells us several important things:

  • Exotic matter may not need to be extreme everywhere

  • Wormholes can be regular and smooth

  • Rotation changes how we might observe them

  • Light patterns could reveal hidden structure inside spacetime

Even if wormholes are not real, studying them helps us understand gravity better.

Final Summary

The work by Errehymy and team shows a new type of wormhole model where:

  • A string fluid supports the wormhole

  • The fluid changes with distance

  • The wormhole rotates slowly

  • Light behaves in unique and measurable ways

This leads to a wormhole that is:

  • Smooth

  • Horizon-free

  • Asymptotically flat

  • Potentially observable through light patterns

While we have not yet seen wormholes in space, studies like this bring us closer to understanding how they might work—and how we could one day detect them using advanced telescopes.

Reference: A. Errehymy, B. Turimov, M. A. Khan, S. Usanov, Z. Yasakov, Z. Avezmuratova, "Slowly rotating traversable wormholes supported by radially varying string-fluid matter: From regular geometries to photon trajectories", Annalen der Physik, 2026. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.11261


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